24-25

<p><span><span><span><strong><span><span>Cold is probably the biggest threat today</span></span></strong></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span> making any injury life-threatening if you can’t get back to the trailhead quickly. Be careful.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>In terms of avalanches, it’s not too dangerous but there are a few things to look out for in specific places:</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><strong><span><span>Wind slab avalanches:</span></span></strong></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span> When are these not a concern? Downhill winds in the Bridgers yesterday and possibly today may have moved some snow and formed fresh wind slabs that will be the most sensitive. In all other areas, it’s been about 48 hours since winds were moving snow and wind slabs are less likely to be triggered.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><strong><span><span>Persistent slab avalanches:</span></span></strong></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span> These types of slides have become almost unlikely. The snow surface weakened in late January and was buried about 12 days ago with about 1-3 feet of snow on top now. Places to especially look for and assess this layer are the southern Madison Range, southern Gallatin Range, and the </span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://www.mtavalanche.com/snow-observations-list"><span><span><span><… area</span></span></u></span></span></span></span></span></a><span><span><span><span><span><span>. Also, look for this layer OR any weak facets in out-of-the way places that don’t have enough snow to ride in most winters but do have enough now. Read </span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://www.mtavalanche.com/node/34109"><span><span><span><span><span><…’s ob</span></span></u></span></span></span></span></span></a><span><span><span><span><span><span> on this topic and </span></span></span></span></span></span><a href="https://www.mtavalanche.com/node/34118"><span><span><span><span><span><… example from the northern Gallatin Range</span></span></u></span></span></span></span></span></a><span><span><span><span><span><span> at 6400’ in elevation.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p><span><span><span><span><span><span>Today the avalanche danger is MODERATE.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span></span></span></p>

<p>Across the forecast area, human-triggered avalanches are possible on steep, wind-loaded slopes and where persistent weak layers formed in January result in lingering instability. It is reasonable to consider travel in some steeper terrain, but I offer two points:</p>

<ol start="1" type="1">
<li>Temperatures are very cold. This increases the consequences of a simple mishap and a more serious avalanche incident for the affected individual and rescuers. Expand margins for error and select terrain with higher levels of certainty for positive outcomes.</li>
<li>As instability becomes less widespread, the decision-making onus shifts to the backcountry travelers, who must make slope-scale stability assessments within the context of a regional avalanche forecast if you plan to travel in terrain steeper than 30 degrees. Check out the <a href="https://youtube.com/shorts/rP6HugEwTp0?feature=share"><strong><span>vid…; Haylee and I made yesterday.</li>
</ol>

<p>As you build your slope scale forecast, evaluate slopes for recent wind-loading where <strong>wind slab avalanches</strong> can break 1-2 feet deep. This weekend, natural and human-triggered avalanches breaking 20-200 feet wide occurred in all corners of the forecast area (<a href="https://www.mtavalanche.com/avalanche-activity"><span>Avalanche activity list</span></a>). Several notable slides on Sunday included a pair of snowmobiler-triggered avalanches in the southern Madison Range (<a href="https://www.mtavalanche.com/node/34102"><span>photos</span></a&gt;) and natural and snowboarder-triggered avalanches near Cooke City (<a href="https://www.mtavalanche.com/node/34096"><span>photos</span></a><strong&…;, </strong><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q3OxZUjHYfs"><span>video</span></a&gt;). There will be minimal drifting today with light winds, so assess for instability with an <a href="https://youtu.be/Gk8W8nlUMpw"><span>extended column test</span></a> and alert to shooting cracks, cornices and a hollow, drum-like feel to the snow surface.</p>

<p>Additionally, evaluate the snowpack for persistent weak layers buried 1-3 feet deep. We are not finding these on every slope, and we are getting mixed results in stability tests, but where they exist, <strong>persistent slab avalanches</strong> are possible (<a href="https://www.mtavalanche.com/node/34085"><span>Lionhead observation</span></a>, <a href="https://www.mtavalanche.com/node/34067"><span>Cooke City observation</span></a>, <a href="https://www.mtavalanche.com/node/34109"><span>N. Madison Observation</span></a>). Yesterday, collapsing and obvious signs of instability were absent as I traveled through a thin, weak snowpack in the Northern Madison Range. This means getting out your shovel and testing for instability because it probably won’t be noticeable otherwise.</p>

<p>Avoid steep, wind-loaded terrain where wind slab and larger persistent slab avalanches are most likely. Seek out terrain sheltered from the wind and with fewer terrain traps (trees, cliffs, rocks and gullies), and evaluate the snowpack for buried weak layers before committing to steep slopes. The avalanche danger is rated MODERATE.</p>

<p><span>Special note: A deeper-than-normal snowpack at lower elevations and on slopes that typically don’t hold much snow is exciting and offers atypical recreation opportunities. Along with these opportunities comes atypical avalanche potential. While skate skiing in Sourdough Canyon, I noted this and offered some thoughts about when we should avoid business-as-usual travel practices in these areas (<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LYqruI9gUp0"><span>video</span></a&gt;, <a href="https://www.mtavalanche.com/node/34062"><span>observation</span></a&gt;). </span></p>